How to give first aid for heatstroke
Short answer
Heatstroke is an emergency. Call your local emergency number first, move the person somewhere cool and shaded, loosen clothing, and cool the body quickly with water, wet cloths or ice.
Checklist
- I called for emergency help
- I moved the person to a cool, shaded place
- I loosened clothing
- I cooled the body with wet cloths, water or ice
- I am monitoring consciousness and breathing
What is heatstroke?
Heatstroke happens when the body cannot shed heat in a very hot environment or during intense exertion, and body temperature rises to a dangerous level. It can affect the nervous system and organs. It differs from the milder heat exhaustion by impaired mental state.
Symptoms
- Very high body temperature, hot and flushed skin
- Severe headache, dizziness, nausea
- Confusion, slurred speech, agitation
- Rapid pulse and fast breathing
- Seizure or loss of consciousness
- Sweating may or may not be present; lack of sweat does not rule it out
First aid steps
- Call for helpState the situation and your location clearly.
- Move to a cool placeTake the person into shade or air conditioning and lay them on their back.
- Loosen clothingRemove excess and tight clothing.
- Cool quicklyWet the skin with water and fan it; place wet cloths or ice packs on the neck, armpits and groin. Immersion in cool water is also effective if possible.
- MonitorWatch consciousness, breathing and pulse. If the person is unresponsive and not breathing, start basic life support.
What to watch out for
- If unconscious: Do not give fluids by mouth; there is a choking risk.
- Fever reducers: Fever medicines do not work in heatstroke; do not give them.
- Seizure: Do not restrain the person; move dangerous objects away.
- Do not leave alone: Even if they seem better, a medical team should evaluate them.
Frequently asked questions
Is heatstroke the same as heat exhaustion?
No. Exhaustion involves weakness, sweating and dizziness; heatstroke involves confusion, seizures or altered consciousness and is an emergency.
Can I give water if the person is conscious?
If they are alert and able to swallow, small sips of cool water are fine. Do not give any if they are confused.
Who is at higher risk?
Infants, children, older adults, people with chronic illness, outdoor workers and athletes.
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